Spark Erosion is another form of metal removal under closely controlled conditions. A charged electrode is brought near to the workpiece, between them is an insulating oil known as dielectric fluid. Even through a dielectric fluid is a good insulator, a large enough electrical charge can cause the fluid to break down into ionic fragments, allowing an electrical current to pass from electrode, to workpiece. The closely controlled spark is the vehicle that removes metal from the workpiece, thus enabling machining of very hard metals with complex shapes.